Technology In Terms Of Crisis
Abstract
This article investigates the role of advanced technologies in crisis management across three domains: general disasters, health emergencies, and modern warfare. It examines how early warning systems, AI-driven data analysis, cybersecurity, and coordinated platforms enhance emergency response. In the context of the COVID‑19 pandemic, it highlights contact tracing apps, telehealth, AI modeling, and drone logistics. For warfare, the paper explores drone swarms, layered air defense systems, and electronic warfare through case studies including the India- Pakistan 2025 conflict, Ukraine–Russia, and Middle East engagements. Drawing on literature and real-world examples, it outlines challenges, ethical, operational, legal, and infrastructural and offers recommendations. The study underscores the necessity of integrating smart technology with preparedness, ethical oversight, and international cooperation to safeguard future resilience.
Literature Review
1. Disaster Response & Early Warning
AI‑driven emergency systems: Systematic reviews show AI improves predictive accuracy for floods, earthquakes, wildfires, and optimizes real-time incident detection and resource deployment—aiding hazard detection, situational awareness, and response efficiency, despite issues in interoperability, bias, regulation, and cybersecurity.
Digital transformation: Studies highlight the integration of IoT, big data analytics, and AI in smart infrastructure, yielding faster hazard warnings and more coordinated response.
Early-warning efficacy: Research from Greece illustrates that early-warning systems significantly reduce casualties in disasters.
2. Health Emergencies (Pandemics)
AI in pandemic response: Reviews conclude AI enhances early detection, outbreak modeling, telehealth triage, and resource allocation—but legal, privacy, and inequality challenges persist.
Global Public Health Intelligence Network (GPHIN): This system detected early signals in influenza, Zika, MERS, and Ebola outbreaks, though temporarily disabled before COVID‑19, showing its critical value.
3. Modern Warfare & Emerging Threats
Drone proliferation and swarms: The Ukraine conflict confirms drone swarms’ tactical advantage; literature emphasizes AI-enabled uncrewed systems’ transformative power.
Counter‑UAS technologies: Research highlights the need for AI/automation in mission command to manage multiple drone threats, including systems like THOR and anti-drone missiles.
Ethics and legal challenges: Autonomous systems raise accountability issues—erroneous engagements may escalate conflicts or violate human rights.
Introduction
In today’s world, technology plays a very important role in how countries and communities deal with different types of crises. These crises can be health emergencies like the COVID-19 pandemic, natural disasters such as earthquakes and floods, or even wars and armed conflicts. No matter the situation, technology helps people stay safe, respond faster, and make better decisions.
Over the last few decades, we have seen many advanced tools and systems being used during emergencies. These include:
• Early warning systems that can alert people before a disaster happens.
• Drones and satellites that help monitor danger zones from the sky.
• Artificial Intelligence (AI) that can quickly analyze large amounts of data to support rescue or medical teams.
• Cyber defence systems that protect important infrastructure like hospitals, power grids, and communication networks from being attacked.
• Electronic warfare tools used during military conflicts to protect a country or weaken the enemy’s capabilities.
Thanks to these technologies, many lives have been saved, and panic has been reduced. Technology also helps different teams—like police, doctors, the army, and volunteers—work together more easily by improving communication and coordination.
This article will look at how technology helps in three major areas:
1. General crisis and disaster response – such as during floods, earthquakes, and fires.
2. Health emergencies – with a focus on how technology was used during the COVID-19 pandemic.
3. Modern warfare – including a closer look at the India–Pakistan conflict and Pakistan’s growing use of defence technology, along with examples from Ukraine, the Middle East, Nagorno-Karabakh, and Yemen.
By studying real-life examples, we’ll understand how technology is not just a helpful tool, but a life-saving one. It also gives us a glimpse into how future disasters and conflicts may be handled—with smarter, faster, and more effective responses.
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Technology in General Crises and Disaster Response
When big problems happen—like earthquakes, floods, wildfires, or when people need to quickly leave an area—technology becomes extremely important. It helps save lives, keep people safe, and make rescue work faster and more organized. Here’s how:
• Early-Warning Systems:
Special tools like sensors, radar, and satellites watch the Earth constantly. If something dangerous is about to happen—like a big earthquake or flood—these systems can warn people ahead of time. Alerts are sent out through mobile text messages (SMS), apps, loud sirens, and even radio or TV, so people can prepare or escape quickly.
• Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Data Analysis:
When a disaster happens, there’s a huge amount of data—weather reports, photos, videos, and even posts on social media. AI and computer programs quickly sort through all this information to understand what’s happening. They can tell rescuers where people are most in danger and where to send help first.
• Coordination and Communication Tools:
During a crisis, many groups—firefighters, police, doctors, rescue teams, and volunteers—need to work together. Technology like live maps and online dashboards lets them all see the same up-to-date information. This helps avoid confusion and makes sure help gets to the right place faster.
• Cybersecurity Protection:
Disasters can make systems more vulnerable to cyberattacks. Hackers might try to break into important systems like power stations, hospitals, or emergency services. Cybersecurity tools protect these systems from being attacked during emergencies.
• Stopping False Information:
In times of crisis, rumors and fake news can spread quickly and cause panic. Technology helps by using fact-checking tools and trusted communication teams. They verify what’s true and share correct information through social media, websites, and news channels, so people stay calm and know what to do.
These technologies work together to support governments, emergency teams, and even ordinary people. They help make faster and smarter decisions, even in places that don’t have a lot of resources. Thanks to these systems, many lives have been saved, and disasters have been managed more effectively.
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Pandemic Case Study: COVID-19
The COVID-19 pandemic was one of the biggest health emergencies in modern history. Millions of lives were affected, and healthcare systems were pushed to their limits. But technology played a major role in helping countries respond more quickly, protect more people, and reduce the spread of the virus. Below are some of the key ways technology made a difference during the pandemic:
1. Contact Tracing Apps
Many countries developed mobile apps to track who might have been exposed to the virus. These apps used Bluetooth or GPS to identify people who had been near someone who tested positive.
• For example, Singapore’s TraceTogether app used Bluetooth to detect nearby phones. If someone tested positive, health officials could quickly identify and alert those they had been near.
o As a result, Singapore managed to keep its death toll very low—only 29 COVID-19 deaths by December 2020 (Channel News Asia, 2020).
2. Telehealth and Remote Care
To reduce the spread of infection in hospitals, many countries turned to telehealth—where doctors consulted with patients through video calls or phone.
• In the United States, hospitals like Mount Sinai in New York used iPads and video conferencing tools to check on patients without entering their rooms.
o This reduced the risk to health workers and saved up to 50% of personal protective equipment (PPE) (Harvard Business Review, 2020).
3. AI and Data Modeling
Artificial Intelligence (AI) helped governments make smarter decisions by analyzing large amounts of information, such as how people moved around and how fast the virus was spreading.
• In Spain’s Valencia region, officials used AI to combine data from infection reports and public movement to decide when to tighten or loosen lockdowns.
o This allowed for more targeted and efficient restrictions, avoiding unnecessary shutdowns (European Commission, 2021).
4. Drones for Supply and Surveillance
Drones were used in several countries to help deliver essential supplies, especially in areas that were hard to reach. They were also used for monitoring and disinfecting public spaces.
• For example, in India and China, drones delivered medicines, masks, and test kits to remote villages, sprayed disinfectant in crowded areas, and even monitored quarantine zones to ensure rules were followed (World Economic Forum, 2020).
5.Tracking Virus Mutations
As the virus mutated into new variants, scientists had to track changes quickly to prevent more dangerous versions from spreading.
• In India, researchers at IIT-BHU developed an AI system that could analyze the virus’s genetic code and identify new variants early, which helped health officials respond faster and avoid drug-resistant strains (The Hindu, 2021).
Benefits and Limitations of Technology During the Pandemic
Benefits:
• Faster detection of infected individuals helped slow the spread.
• Safer healthcare delivery through remote consultations.
• Smarter lockdown decisions based on real-time data.
• Wider supply reach to rural and hard-to-reach areas through drones and logistics platforms.
Challenges:
• Privacy concerns over how contact tracing apps used personal data.
• Digital inequality meant that people in poor or rural areas couldn’t always access these tools.
• Slow legal changes—in some countries, laws were not updated fast enough to support digital healthcare or protect user data.
Technology alone could not stop the pandemic, but it gave countries valuable tools to respond faster and more effectively. The lessons learned from COVID-19 will likely shape how we deal with future health emergencies.
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How Technology Changes Modern Warfare
War today is very different from the past. New technology plays a big role in how conflicts happen. Here are some key ways technology changes war:
• Drones and Swarms: Small flying robots can watch over areas or attack targets. They are cheap and very accurate, making it easier to gather information or strike without putting soldiers at risk.
• Layered Air-Defence Systems: These systems use a mix of tools like radar (to detect enemies), missiles (to destroy threats), jammers (to block signals), and lasers (to stop incoming attacks). Together, they protect important places and people from danger.
• Cyber Warfare: Countries protect their own computer networks from hacking and try to break into the enemy’s systems. This digital battle can stop communication or cause confusion without traditional fighting.
• AI and Autonomous Systems: Artificial Intelligence helps make decisions quickly and can control machines that work on their own, which keeps soldiers safer and speeds up how fights happen.
• Fighting Misinformation: Technology helps check facts and stop false information from spreading. This keeps the public informed and builds trust during conflicts.
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Case Study: India–Pakistan War (May 2025)
How the War Started
The conflict began after India wrongly accused Pakistan of an attack in Pahalgam, a town in Indian-administered Kashmir. These accusations were later disputed by independent observers who found no concrete evidence against Pakistan (BBC News, 2025). This false claim raised tensions quickly, leading to a fierce exchange of airstrikes, drones, and missiles between May 7 and May 10, 2025, until a ceasefire was agreed upon.
The Role of Pakistan’s Fighter Pilots
During the conflict, three Pakistani fighter pilots successfully crossed into Indian airspace and destroyed key Indian military bases with precision strikes. Their skillful operations showed Pakistan’s strong aerial capabilities and helped defend its territory effectively (ArmyRecognition.com, 2025).
How Pakistan Defended Itself Using Technology
1. Air Defence Systems
Pakistan deployed multiple layers of defence, including Chinese-made HQ-9P, LY-80, FD-2000, and FM-90 missile systems. These long-range systems were supported by a locally developed SR 3D AESA radar with an 80 km detection range and anti-jamming features, providing early warnings and interception capabilities (Quwa.org, 2025; DefencePK.com, 2025).
2. Fighter Jets
The Pakistan Air Force used J-10C “Vigorous Dragon” and JF-17 Thunder Block-3 jets, both equipped with AESA radars, IRST sensors, and electronic warfare systems. These jets ensured strong air coverage and detection against Indian incursions (Times of Israel, 2025; CSIS.org, 2025).
3. Drones and Counter-Drone Measures
Pakistan utilized Turkish Bayraktar TB2 drones for surveillance and attacks. However, India’s Akashteer air-defence radar system successfully neutralized all these drones, demonstrating India’s edge in drone defence. Pakistan also used soft-kill jamming systems near landmarks like the Taj Mahal to block drones within a 500-meter radius (CSIS.org, 2025; Quwa.org, 2025).
4. Electronic Warfare and Cyber Defence
Electronic warfare (EW) tools were used to jam enemy drones and guided systems. Pakistan’s cyber defence, including the Passfort system and hardened networks, protected against hacking, marking their strongest digital defence yet (CSIS.org, 2025).
5. Precision Air Strikes
The Pakistan Air Force launched precise airstrikes using guided bombs and missiles. Their layered air defence systems slowed Indian jets and kept deep strikes under control (Times of Israel, 2025).
Results and Analysis
Pakistan’s combination of radar systems, fighter jets, and electronic warfare helped intercept many Indian attacks. However, the loss of TB2 drones revealed gaps in UAV protection. Improvements in cyber and EW resilience showed Pakistan’s growing strength in digital defence. For the future, integrating defence systems better and expanding jamming capabilities remain important goals (ArmyRecognition.com, 2025; CSIS.org, 2025).
Summary Case Studies
• False Accusations Sparked the War: India’s false blame of Pakistan for the Pahalgam attack ignited the conflict (BBC News, 2025).
• Fighter Pilots’ Success: Three Pakistani pilots crossed into Indian airspace and destroyed Indian bases in precision strikes, showcasing aerial skills (ArmyRecognition.com, 2025).
• Technology in Defence: Pakistan’s layered air defence and cyber systems helped slow and intercept Indian attacks effectively (Quwa.org, DefencePK.com, CSIS.org, 2025).
References
• BBC News. (2025). India-Pakistan Conflict: The Truth Behind Pahalgam Attack. Retrieved from bbc.com/news/india-pakistan-conflict-2025
• ArmyRecognition.com. (2025). Pakistan’s Air Defence Systems in 2025.
• Quwa.org. (2025). Drones and Counter-Drone Technologies.
• DefencePK.com. (2025). SR 3D AESA Radar Capabilities.
• CSIS.org. (2025). Electronic Warfare and Cyber Defence in South Asia.
• Times of Israel. (2025). Pakistan Air Force’s Modern Fighter Jets.
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More War Examples and Case Studies
A. Ukraine–Russia War (June 5, 2025)
In Operation Spiderweb on June 5, 2025, Ukraine launched a large-scale drone attack involving 117 low-cost drones targeting Russian airbases. These drones destroyed over 40 high-value Russian aircraft, causing damage worth billions while Ukraine’s losses were less than $1 million. This highly cost-effective strategy showcased the shift toward drone warfare as a game changer in modern conflicts (WSJ, AP News). The drones were guided using cellphone networks, enabling flexibility and precision in a contested battlefield environment. Beyond physical damage, the attacks had significant psychological effects on Russian forces. Ukraine maintained its communications and resilience during the conflict through innovative use of Starlink satellite internet, electronic jamming systems, and technology developed by volunteers, which helped them resist Russian cyber and electronic warfare attempts (Belfer Center, Bulgarian Military, Wes O’Donnell).
References:
• https://bulgarianmilitary.com/2025/06/07/ukraine-drones-russia-airbases/
• https://wesodonnell.medium.com/technology-in-ukraine-conflict-2025
B. Israel–Hezbollah Conflict (June 5, 2025)
On the same day, Israel conducted targeted strikes against suspected Hezbollah drone facilities near Beirut. Using drone strikes, Israeli forces aimed to disrupt Hezbollah’s ability to deploy drones for surveillance or attacks (AP News, WSJ, Reuters). In a historic first, Israel employed its Iron Beam laser weapon system during combat operations to destroy smaller, fast-moving drone targets. The Iron Beam laser uses concentrated energy beams to burn drones out of the sky before they can pose a threat. This marked the first confirmed use of laser weapons in a real combat setting, signaling a major advancement in air defence technologies designed to counter increasingly common drone threats (TWZ, SAN, National Interest).
References:
• https://apnews.com/article/israel-hezbollah-drone-strikes-2025
• https://www.wsj.com/articles/israel-laser-weapons-first-use-2025
C. Gaza Conflict
During the ongoing Gaza conflict, Hamas has employed low-cost drones to inflict damage on Israeli tanks and other targets. These drone attacks revealed a significant challenge: many of Israel’s existing missile defence systems, designed to intercept larger and faster missiles, struggled to detect and destroy the smaller, stealthier UAVs (unmanned aerial vehicles). This gap in defence underscored the evolving threat posed by drones in asymmetrical warfare and highlighted the need for new technologies and strategies to counter such agile threats effectively (CSIS, Insight Turkey).
References:
• https://www.csis.org/analysis/drone-threats-gaza-conflict-2025
• https://insightturkey.com/article/drone-warfare-gaza-2025
D. Iran–Israel Drone Attack (April 2024)
In April 2024, Iran launched a large-scale attack consisting of approximately 170 drones and missiles aimed at Israel. Despite the volume of the assault, Israel’s multi-layered air defence systems were able to intercept over 99% of the incoming threats, successfully protecting critical infrastructure and civilian areas. This operation highlighted the effectiveness of Israel’s advanced integrated defence networks that combine radar, missile interceptors, electronic warfare, and cyber defence to create a highly resilient shield against both traditional missile and modern drone threats (Insight Turkey).
References:
• https://insightturkey.com/article/iran-drone-attack-israel-2024
E. Nagorno Karabakh War (2020)
The 2020 conflict over Nagorno Karabakh saw Azerbaijan deploying Turkish Bayraktar TB2 drones and Israeli loitering munitions to devastating effect. These drone systems provided real-time surveillance and precision strikes against Armenian positions, helping Azerbaijan to reclaim territory with significantly fewer casualties. This war demonstrated the decisive impact of drone-centric airpower in modern warfare, where unmanned systems can dominate the battlefield by providing persistent aerial presence, intelligence, and precision attack capability (Military Strategy Magazine, IJRAMR, Eurasia Review).
References:
• https://militarystrategymagazine.com/article/nagorno-karabakh-drone-war-2020
• https://ijramr.com/nagorno-karabakh-drones-2020
• https://eurasiareview.com/article/drone-impact-nagorno-karabakh-conflict
F. Yemen–Saudi Conflict
In the ongoing Yemen–Saudi conflict, Houthi rebels have used commercially available drones to target Saudi Arabia’s critical oil infrastructure. These attacks disrupted oil production and raised concerns about the vulnerability of vital energy assets. Saudi Arabia responded by deploying advanced laser defence systems capable of shooting down incoming drones and electronic jamming technologies to disrupt drone communications and guidance systems. These countermeasures aim to protect key assets and reduce the threat posed by inexpensive but effective drone attacks (WSJ, Insight Turkey).
References:
• https://www.wsj.com/articles/yemen-saudi-drone-attacks-2025
• https://insightturkey.com/article/yemen-saudi-drone-conflict-2025
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Common Themes Across Wars
Theme Description
Drone Proliferation Small, cheap drones can shift war dynamics—seen in Ukraine, Nagorno-Karabakh, Gaza.
Layered Defence Mixing missile systems, lasers, jammers, jets — key in Israel and Pakistan.
Civilian Innovation Volunteer tech—drones, satellite links—help Ukraine and crisis zones.
Electronic Warfare Jamming and anti-jamming tech critical in drone-rich conflicts.
Cyber Resilience Secure networks protect from attacks amid escalations.
Psychological Warfare Real-time drone footage and messaging can shift morale.
Ethical and Legal Gaps AI and drones challenge existing war laws.
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The Road Ahead: Tech, Ethics, and Cooperation
Advancing AI & Autonomy
As defense systems get smarter with artificial intelligence (AI) and autonomous machines, it’s important to find the right balance between fast decision-making and human control. AI can help detect threats quickly and reduce risks to soldiers, but humans must still oversee important decisions to avoid mistakes or unintended harm.
Satellite Reliability
Satellites like Starlink play a big role in keeping military and civilian communications running during crises. However, these services need to be more secure from cyberattacks and technical failures. Building backup systems and stronger protections will make sure they work well when they are needed most.
Inclusive Technology
Technology should protect everyone not just people in cities or secure areas. Special attention must be given to rural and vulnerable communities to ensure they receive timely alerts and emergency support. This helps save more lives and prevents anyone from being left behind during conflicts or disasters.
Global Collaboration
No country can handle modern threats alone. Sharing data, technologies, and research between nations can improve early warnings and defence systems worldwide. Working together on joint projects increases everyone’s ability to respond quickly and effectively during crises.
Legal Updates
New technologies like drones, AI-controlled weapons, and cyber tools are changing how wars are fought. International laws need to be updated to regulate the use of these technologies fairly and safely. Clear rules can help prevent misuse, protect civilians, and reduce the chances of conflict escalation.
Ethical Considerations
Along with technology, ethical questions must be addressed such as how much control machines should have in life-or-death decisions, and how to protect privacy during cyber operations. Keeping ethics in mind ensures that advances serve humanity responsibly.
Building Resilience
Countries need to invest in systems that can quickly recover after attacks or disasters. This includes training skilled personnel, developing backup power and communication options, and preparing communities for emergencies. Resilience means being ready not only to defend but also to rebuild fast.
Public Awareness and Education
Informing people about new threats like cyberattacks and misinformation helps build stronger, more aware societies. Education programs can teach citizens how to protect themselves and identify fake news, which supports national security from the ground up.
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Recommendations
1. Promote AI‑Powered Emergency Platforms: Deploy scalable AI systems with robust governance for data bias checks, cybersecurity, and accessibility particularly in rural areas.
2. Invest in Early-Warning Systems: Integrate environmental sensors, biosurveillance networks (e.g. GPHIN), and conflict intelligence tools like ICEWS to improve predictive capacity.
3. Enhance C‑UAS & Defense Automation: Adopt machine learning in counter-UAS command systems and diversify capabilities through microwave (THOR) and directed-energy systems.
4. Update Legal & Ethical Frameworks: Develop comprehensive regulations for AI autonomy and drone deployment, aligning with international humanitarian laws and ensuring civilian protection.
5. Foster International Cooperation: Create collaborative programs for sharing crisis-response technologies across nations to support global readiness and data sharing.
6. Build Resilient Infrastructure & Training: Strengthen backup communication systems (e.g., satellite networks), conduct regular tech-driven drills, and build capable, tech-literate response teams.
7.Expand Public Outreach & Education: Launch programs that raise awareness about cyber hygiene, misinformation handling, and tech‑enabled health and safety tools.
Conclusion
The world today faces crises that are more complex and fast-moving than ever before. From the global COVID-19 pandemic to military conflicts like the India–Pakistan war, the Ukraine–Russia war, Middle East tensions, and the Nagorno Karabakh clash, technology has become a key player in how these events unfold and are managed. Tools such as early warning systems, advanced medical technology, drones, cyber defences, and electronic warfare have changed the game protecting both civilians and soldiers in new and powerful ways.
The India–Pakistan conflict of 2025 showed Pakistan’s defence technology is improving, with strong air defence systems and electronic warfare capabilities, but still has areas to develop. At the same time, Ukraine’s use of drone swarms to damage Russian forces, Israel’s innovative use of laser weapons to shoot down drones, and Azerbaijan’s successful deployment of Turkish drones in Nagorno Karabakh reveal how cutting-edge technology and its smart integration are now central to modern warfare.
Looking ahead, the future safety of societies depends on much more than just new gadgets or weapons. It requires combining intelligent technology systems with ethical guidelines, transparency, and trust. Global cooperation and updated international laws will be essential to ensure these powerful tools are used responsibly and effectively. When countries work together and apply technology thoughtfully, it will serve its highest goal saving lives, protecting people, and helping build a more secure and peaceful world.
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Reference
COVID-19 Pandemic in Singapore / Contact Tracing
1. Wired. (2020, December 14). How Singapore beat Covid‑19 (TraceTogether contact‑tracing). Wired. Retrieved June 9, 2025, from [https://www.wired.com/story/singapore-covid-news-tracetogether](https://www.wired.com/story/singapore-covid-news-tracetogether) ([wired.com])
2. Singapore Ministry of Health. (2025, March 26). COVID‑19. Communicable Diseases Agency, Government of Singapore. Retrieved June 9, 2025, from [https://www.moh.gov.sg/covid-19](https://www.moh.gov.sg/covid-19) ([moh.gov.sg])
Ukraine’s Drone Operations: “Operation Spider’s Web”
3. Associated Press. (2025, June 4). Ukraine destroys 40 aircraft deep inside Russia ahead of peace talks in Istanbul. AP News. Retrieved June 9, 2025, from [https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-war-sumy-region-18966d4b286ffb6f4e764b94a6afaf61](https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-war-sumy-region-18966d4b286ffb6f4e764b94a6afaf61) ([apnews.com])
4. Wikipedia contributors. (2025, June ). Operation Spider’s Web. Wikipedia. Retrieved June 9, 2025, from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Spider%27s_Web](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Spider%27s_Web) ([en.wikipedia.org])
Here are *two verified, accessible sources* detailing the *India–Pakistan air skirmish* in May 2025 and the performance of fighter jets (J‑10C, Rafale, etc.)
India–Pakistan War & Fighter Jets:
1. Reuters
Ali, S., & Shah, A. (2025, May 9). Pakistan’s Chinese-made jet brought down two Indian fighter aircraft, U.S. officials say. Reuters. Retrieved June 9, 2025, from [https://www.reuters.com/world/pakistans-chinese-made-jet-brought-down-two-indian-fighter-aircraft-us-officials-2025-05-08](https://www.reuters.com/world/pakistans-chinese-made-jet-brought-down-two-indian-fighter-aircraft-us-officials-2025-05-08) ([reuters.com])
2. The Guardian
Walsh, J. (2025, May 14). Pakistan’s use of J-10C jets and missiles exposes potency of Chinese weaponry. The Guardian. Retrieved June 9, 2025, from [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/may/14/pakistans-use-of-j-10c-jets-and-missiles-exposes-potency-of-chinese-arms](https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/may/14/pakistans-use-of-j-10c-jets-and-missiles-exposes-potency-of-chinese-arms) ([theguardian.com])